International security theories generally identify economic power as the key determinant of military power, and thereby of security, but there is...

Turkey is conducting an increasingly active energy diplomacy and in order to understand the role and strategies of Ankara in energy geopolitics, it...

Turkey and Saudi Arabia have been increasingly utilizing religious services as an instrument in their foreign policies. One of the most recent...

This paper aims to evaluate the trilateral relations between Turkey, Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the course of a proper evaluation of...

The Western Balkans has traditionally held vital geostrategic importance for European and transatlantic security. Ever since the 1990s, the EU and...

This paper aims to see whether there is a commercial and financial rivalry between Turkey and Germany in the Balkans by examining the export...

The present paper looks into the current policies of Russia in the Balkans. It argues that after a short period of withdrawal from the region,...

Croatia’s experience of the EU accession and that of its six-year membership is only partially relevant for the Western Balkans’ EU enlargement....

Since the end of the 1990s, Albanians in North Macedonia, Albania, Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia have submitted to a regime of political and...

Cultural diplomacy always links to and often overlaps with soft power and public diplomacy. Thus, the three notions have entered the lexicon of...

This paper argues that China’s strategy of engaging African countries through its stated “no questions asked” foreign policy could ultimately be...

Africa is the springboard for al-Qaeda’s global terrorism in modern history. The U.S. Embassy bombings in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi,...

This paper argues that the factors that induce transcontinental and intercontinental African migration are complex and cannot be reduced to...

This article is predicated on the argument that the African continent has become a focus of geopolitical and economic attention, especially as a...

The size and complexity of recent peacebuilding mandates have led scholars to liken these efforts to imperialism, but most are quick to dismiss any...

Fueled by the Iranian oil revenues, Tehran, under both the rule of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1941-1979) and since 1979 the Islamic Republic of...

The institutions of “waqfs,” that is foundations, stand before us as an intermediate option between collectivist and individualistic societies....

In late 2017, Turkey opened a facility to train the Somali National Army. Routinely described as a military base since, the move has caused...

International security theories generally identify economic power as the key determinant of military power, and thereby of security, but there is...

Using the case of Sino-Russian competition over Central Asian energy and transportation networks, this study asks why Russia has refrained from...

Most studies define states as small, middle, or great in relation to the power of other states. However, how the capabilities of a particular...

Today the established cooperation between China and Kazakhstan has reached the strategic partnership level. Also, the two neighboring countries are...

In this paper, we first present a background to the watershed elections of 2018, describing the context preceding the elections. In order to...

The system of government in Turkey shifted from a parliamentary to an intrinsic presidential system, in which the president solely employs the...