Introduction
The liberal philosophical approach re-identified and altered the structure of the world order after the end of the Cold War. The post-Cold War period witnessed the rise and advancement of liberal democracy in conflict-ridden societies and gained phenomenal salience. Various scholars1 support the claims while referring to Immanuel Kant’s ideas in “perpetual peace,” which implies that liberal democratic states are more peaceful and less prone to violence. This normative utility is supported by liberal internationalists2 who believed in the universality of liberalism, and neo-liberal global order and institution building thereupon.3 It was further iterated that some central tenets are compulsory and fundamental for exporting the currency of liberalism.4 The pronouncement of liberalism as the principal approach to peacebuilding was envisaged in neo-liberal macro-economic strategies that were mapped out in the processes of democratization, market reforms, human rights, and peace settlements.5 Originally, it was believed that the expansion of Western liberal ideas into conflict-stricken and dysfunctional societies would resolve a wide range of economic, political, and social problems. However, the resultant scenarios have revealed the discordance of liberal internationalism or liberal intervention in societies such as Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, and Syria.
