Kamil Yılmaz

The purpose of this essay is to examine the emergence and rise of a new “social group,” or what I call a “conservative elite” in Turkey. By using in a historical perspective the theory of the circulation of elites as a theoretical construct, envisaged separately by both Mosca and Pareto and further developed by Kolabinska, I focus particularly on the underpinning factors that have brought about the changes which have paved the way for the new elite, namely: i) the negative effects of ‘assertive secularism’; and ii) the positive effects of Turkey’s democratization process, especially after the 1980s. This essay argues that Turkey’s new conservative elite has demonstrated the feasibility of a successful synthesis of religious and social conservatism with modernity. Its overarching message is that increased social inclusion helps reduce violent radicalization of religious sentiments. The integration of the new conservative elite into society heralds positive signs not only for Turkey but also for its immediate neighborhood and beyond.