Introduction
In the 21st century, the balance between economic development objectives and environmental sustainability principles has been highlighted as one of the primary and multidimensional structural challenges faced by states.1 Transboundary environmental issues such as climate change, water scarcity, biodiversity loss, and environmental pollution have necessitated the strengthening of multilateral governance mechanisms. Therefore, cooperation in the field of the environment by regional organizations has been regarded as playing a complementary role in the achievement of global sustainability goals. Indeed, regional formations such as the OTS have been considered capable of developing joint solutions to environmental problems by mobilizing the collective capacity of their member states. As emphasized in the OTS Vision 2040 document, “regional organizations can play an important role in supporting this much-needed global effort.”2 Hence, mechanisms to be developed within the OTS to ensure environmental sustainability are expected to contribute to both the welfare of member states and global environmental efforts.
In line with global trends and regional needs, “green transformation” has been recognized as strategically significant for the Turkic world.3 Defined to mitigate climate change and environmental pollution while ensuring sustainable economic development, this concept has gained prominence. Analysis of OTS member states’ economic profiles reveals that some are fossil fuel exporters, whereas others are energy importers. Given global carbon-neutrality targets and market shifts, fossil-fuel-based growth models are considered at long-term risk. Therefore, a transition to green energy and clean technologies is essential for economic diversification and resilience. This perspective has been reflected in recent OTS-level engagements. At the 29th Conference of the Parties (COP29) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), held in Baku, OTS member states signed a ministerial declaration establishing the OTS Partnership for Climate, Innovation, Green Economy, and Trade. This is a platform aimed at supporting member states’ green economic transition, including the development of national green development strategies, green energy zones, improved climate finance mechanisms, and support for green SMEs and startups.4
