Esra Sarıoğlu

One aspect that makes the study significant is that the book examines the subject comprehensively with more than 200 interviews and original documents. This work has become much more valuable as primary sources support it. The book also includes shaping China’s behavior in the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa with a threat perception, apart from just interests. It has been evaluated that it moves away from the national system, exhibits a competitive attitude in places where the external threat is high, and has a cooperative attitude in places where the external threat is low. At the same time, when its interests advance in parallel with the norms of the liberal order, it gains influence by competing in the region with political, economic, and foreign aid tools. However, it does not want to get involved in any unilateral military operation, especially in problematic areas. While the order that China has built in the regions generally tends to include economic, political, and foreign aid, it does not fully cover security institutions. These evaluations are a positive contribution to the academic literature and a guide for future studies.