Introduction
In the postmodern age, the conventional multilateral and/or bilateral understanding of diplomacy has been challenged. Therefore, diplomacy and foreign policy are in the midst of the continuous process of change and adaptation to new political, economic, technological, and security realities. In particular, technological developments, digital media, social media, and the public sphere became central in shaping diplomacy and foreign policy. Digital media and social media, as new instruments, in turn, influence and shape the image of a particular country in the global public sphere. In this regard, both state and non-state diplomatic actors have to adapt to new postmodern realities. They require a thorough understanding of multiple perspectives of the issues and interests within the postmodern and digital contexts. Thus, diplomacy offers win-win opportunities in tackling sensitive issues and challenges. Although in the course of diplomatic communication, it is important to maintain good foreign office-to-foreign office relations between two nation-states it is also significant to (re)consider the public sphere, digital technologies and cosmopolitan framework. The postmodern age is characterized by fragmentation, uncertainty, liquidity, individualization, plurality, and diversity, which in turn led to fragmentation and diversity of our perceptions, wants, needs, interests, experiences and ideological orientations. Therefore, diplomacy has to engage the postmodern age and respond to diverse actors that coexist and act in the public sphere. Using of digital technologies in diplomacy has accelerated due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has been extended to continuous diplomatic engagement and presence in the pub
